![]() ![]() Clear speech also shares characteristics with variation due to prosodic strengthening and fast-to-slow rate modifications ( Miller and Dexter 1988 Miller et al. ![]() In this respect, clear speech is related to other goal-oriented speaking styles, such as infant- and computer-directed speech and Lombard speech, in which talkers ‘adjust’ their output ‘on-line’ to meet the demands of their target audience or the communicative situation ( Junqua 1993 Kuhl et al. Clear speech modifications are aimed at providing the listener with more salient acoustic cues in the speech signal that may enhance their ability to access and comprehend the message.Ĭonversational-to-clear speech articulatory changes present a within-talker variation along the hypo- to hyper-articulation continuum reflecting the trade-off between clarity of speech (listener-oriented output) and economy of effort (talker-oriented output) (H&H Theory, Lindblom 1990). In an attempt to make themselves more intelligible, talkers will typically speak more slowly, more loudly, and will articulate sounds in a more ‘exaggerated’ manner. They will likely adopt a distinct speaking style called ‘clear speech’. When they are aware of a speech perception difficulty on the part of the listener due to background noise, a hearing impairment, or a different native language, talkers will naturally and spontaneously modify their speech in order to accommodate the listener. In everyday communication, the goal of talkers is to communicate their messages in a manner that is intelligible to listeners. ![]()
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